The document is a Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents (台湾居民来往大陆通行证). It is not one of the visa waivers above.
A foreign passport follows the country that issued it. Taiwan residents are inside the Tibet permit system with foreign visitors. Read that before booking Lhasa.
Checked 29 October 2026. The unilateral list, the transit note, and the mutual-exemption table are the sources. A newer notice wins. Check another country.